Most fractures require surgical repair.  Each fracture requires evaluation to determine the appropriate steps and hardware to use.

External Fixation involves pins that come through the skin and are supported by a framework of steel rings and threaded rods.  This method is used frequently in animals, and is less costly than other methods, but requires more aftercare diligence on the part of the owner.

Bone plate fixation is the most common method to repair broken bones.  A long slender stainless steel plate with holes is applied to the bone using screws to hold the fracture together.  There are no external devices and the skin is closed over the plate and soft tissue.  Patients are usually able to walk on the leg immediately after surgery.

Interlocking nail fixation is used in complex fractures, those that have large segments of bone missing such as gunshot wounds, and fractures that are close to joints in large breed dogs.  A large diameter pin is inserted into the bone cavity and is locked to the bone using screws inserted through the bone and through holes in the pin that are perpendicular to the long axis of the pin.  Similar to plate fixation, there are no external devices, and the patient is comfortable immediately after surgery.

All fractures require patients to have four to six weeks of kennel rest following surgery to insure bone healing.  Necessary trips outside must be made on a leash.  Patients will also be required to wear an ecollar for two weeks or until sutures have been removed.  A follow-up appointment at four to six weeks confirms healing.